Author name: Mehreen Afzal

Information Security - Subject Matter Expert, Writer, and Trainer. http://www.linkedin.com/in/dr-mehreen-afzal-5419ba11

Control Self Assessment (CSA)
Learn and Train

Control Self Assessment (CSA)- 2025 Guide: Building Executive Confidence in Information Security Governance

Control Self Assessment (CSA), a governance tool that enables process owners to regularly assess and enhance their own control environment, is being used by top organizations as a complementary measure. It provides management with a continuous, fact-based assessment of the effectiveness of security and compliance procedures. CSA helps close the gap between executive assurance and operational ownership.

NIST IR 8596 Secure Profile
Learn and Train

Bridging the Gender Gap in Cybersecurity: Challenges & Opportunities

The gender gap in cybersecurity remains one of the most persistent challenges in the digital era. Despite significant development and great demand for talent, there is still a gender gap in information security. Women only make up 26–28% of the worldwide cybersecurity workforce (ISC², 2024), which is lower than the norm for the ICT industry as a whole (35–40%).

AI Security

From Frameworks to Action: How NIST’s COSAIS Will Protect AI Models

While artificial intelligence (AI) has transformative possibilities, it also poses novel cybersecurity threats that conventional security measures might not be able to adequately counter. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has acknowledged this by publishing a concept paper on Control Overlays for Securing AI Systems (COSAIS).

Cyber News

From Wasted Investments to Real Protection: Why Context Matters in ISMS

ISMS context is the foundation of a successful information security program. When organizations begin the process of building an Information Security Management System (ISMS), they frequently focus first on compliance frameworks, policies, and controls. While these parts are necessary, one important process is typically missed or underappreciated: contextualization.

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